rUts dy pMjfbI anuvfd nUM jI afieaF
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ies hPLqy mYnMU aYzimMtn qoN afey iewk trwk vfly swjx rfhIN vwzf aqy vjLnI QYlf phuMicaf. QYly ivwc igafrF ikqfbF sn. 828 siPLaF dI iewk ikqfb. aMgRyjLI dy msLhUr nfvl ‘rUts’ df pMjfbI anuvfd. anuvfd krqf ny ieh ikqfbF vYnkUvr dIaF iqMn lfiebRyrIaF aqy kuJ dosqF nMU ByNt krn dI myrI ijLMmyvfrI lfeI sI.
jd ikqfb ByNt krn lfiebRyrI igaF qF mYN lfiebRyrIan nMU dwisaf ik ieh aMgRyjLI nfvl ‘rUuts’ df pMjfbI anuvfd hY qF Aus dy cyhry `qy afeI cmk ny mYnMU mjbUr kr idwqf ik ies nfvl dI pMjfbI pfTkF nMU sUcnF dyvF.
‘rUts: iewk amrIkn pirvfr dI gfQf’ ieiqhfsk nfvl hY, ijhVf aPLrIkn-amrIkn lyKk aYlYks hylI dy KfndfnI ipCokV `qy Jfq puafAuNdf hY. 1976 ivwc Cpy ies nfvl dy Cpx dy do sflF ivwc hI ies dIaF awsI lwK kfpIaF CfpIaF geIaF. ies nfvl nUM ‘nYsLnl buwk avfrz’ aqy ‘pulItIjLr avfrz’ smyq 271 ienfm imly. nfvl df 37 BfsLfvF ivwc anuvfd ho cuwkf hY. ies nfvl `qy aDfrq tYlIivjLn dy ey bI sI cYnl AuWpr sfl 1977 ivwc jnvrI 23 qoN 30 qwk bfrF GMitaF dI iPlm nMU CotIaF iksLqF ivwc idKfieaf igaf. ienHF awT rfqF ‘c ies iksLqvfr nMU iewk kroV qIh lwK lokF ny dyiKaf. ieh iksLqvfr tI vI dy ieiqhfs ivwc dyKx vfilaF dI igxqI dy pwKoN mIl pwQr sfbq hoieaf.
rUts dy lyKk aYlYks hylI df jnm 1921 ivwc inAUXfrk dy ieQfkf sLihr ivwc pRoPYsr ipqf aqy skUl aiDafpk mfqf dy Gr hoieaf. Auh iqMn BrfvF ivwcoN sB qoN vwzf sI. hylI tYnYWsI dy Coty ijhy ksby hyinMg ivKy vwzf hoieaf. AuWQy Auh afpxy bjLurgF qoN aPrIkn mUl dy afpxy iewk aijhy vzyry dIaF bfqF suxdf sI, ijhVf afpxf gulfm nF ‘tobI’ khfAux qoN ienkfrI sI.
aYlYks hylI ny 20 sfl jl sYnf (kost gfrz) dI nOkrI kIqI. 1959 ivwc hylI ny nOkrI qoN syvf-mukq ho ky lyKn nMU ikwqy dy qOr `qy apxf ilaf. Auh rIzrsjL zfeIijst aqy plyabuafey vrgy irsfilaF leI kMm krn lwgf. bcpn ivwc suxIaF khfxIaF qoN pRBfvq ho ky 1964 ivwc hylI ny afpxy nfnky Kfndfn bfry Koj krn bfry soicaf. Aus ny pRIvfr vwloN boly jFdy aPLrIkn sLbdF dy Aucfrx bfry bhuq sfrIaF XUnIvristIaF dy BfsLf ivigafnIaF nfl rfbqf kfiem kIqf. AunHF mfhrF ny Aus bolI aqy sLbdF dy jnm sQfn bfry qsdIk kIqf. hylI pwCmI aPrIkf ivwc gFbIaf dy Coty ijhy ipMz jPUry phuMc igaf. AuQy Auh ‘grfiet’ (mOiKk ieiqhfskfr) nMU imilaf, ijs ny Aus nMU mnizMkf kbIly dIaF swq puCqF df ieiqhfs suxfieaf.
afpxI amrIkf vfpsI vyly hylI mfl-jhfjL rfhIN priqaf qF ik Auh afpxy vzyiraF dy amrIkf nMU iqMn mhIinaF dy sPr vyly afeIaF aOKfeIaF nMU afpxy ipMzy `qy mihsUs kr sky. ienHF dsF rfqF dOrfn Auh Kurdry PwitaF AuWpr jhfjL dy sB qoN hyTly ihwsy ivwc rbV dIaF gwTF dy ivckfr sONdf. ieQy ipaf Auh klpnf krn dI koisLsL krdf ik sYNkVy horF dy nfl GusV ky mnuwKI gMd dy kol ipaf iensfn ikvyN mihsUs krdf hovygf. bfrHF sflF bfad hylI ny afpxI Koj nMU rUts dy nF Qwly ikqfbI rUp dy idwqf. PrvrI 1992 ivwc aYlYks hylI dI mOq hO geI.
rUts nfvl dI khfxI pwCmI aPLrIkf ivwc gFbIaf dy iewk Coty ijhy ipMz jPUry ivwc jnmy kuMqf ikMqy aqy amrIkf ivwc Aus dy AuqrfiDkfrIaF dI khfxI hY. kuMqf ikMqy AuhI aPrIkn hY, ijs dIaF khfxIaF hylI dI nfnI qy hor pirvfrk mYNbr bcpn ivwc Aus nMU suxfieaf krdy sn. rUts nfvl hylI dy Aus aPrIkI KfndfnI dI khfxI hY, ijs nMU 1776 ivwc gulfm bxf ky amrIkf dy mYrIlYNz sUby ivwc ilaFdf igaf. khfxI Aus dy spotIsvynIaf, vrjInIaF ivwc gulfmI dy jIvn dI bfq pfAuNdI hY. kuMqf afpxy aPrIkn ipCokV nMU Buwl ky gory mflkF dy qOr qrIikaF `qy cwlx qoN ienkfrI hY. Auh gulfmI `coN inklx dIaF koisLsLF krdf hY. ipwCoN jf ky Auh rsoeI ivwc kMm krdI iewk hor gulfm aOrq nfl sLfdI krdf hY aqy AunHF dy lVkI jnm lYNdI hY, ijs df nF Auh ikjI rwKdy hn. kuMqf Aus nMU mF-bolI aPrIkI isKfAuNdf hY. pMdrF sflf dI ikjI dy blfqkfr dy nqIjy vjoN qIjI pusLq jOrj df jnm huMdf hY, ijhVf afpxI mF dIaF khfxIaF qoN afpxy aPrIkn ivrsy bfry iswKdf hY. kuMqf ikMqy qoN bfad aYlYks hylI df ieh msLhUr vzyrf hY. jOrj dy mYQlzf nfl awT bwcy pYdf huMdy hn. Aus df cOQf puwqr, tOm, aYlYks hylI dI nfnI, isMQIaf df ipE sI. isMQIaf nMU gulfmI mukq kr ky vYgn rfhIN hYinMg, tYWnsI iljfieaf jFdf hY. isMQIaf hYinMg ivKy vYWl pfmr nMU imldI hY aqy AunHF df ivafh ho jFdf hY. AunHF dy Gr lVkI df jnm huMdf hY, ijs df nF brQf rwiKaf jFdf hY. brQf df ivafh ismn hylI nfl huMdf hY aqy ieh aYlYks hylI dy mfpy bxdy hn.
nfvl df ibrqFq lkIrI hY. nfvl ivwc pwCmI aPrIkf qoN gulfm bxf ky ilaFdy nOjvfn lVky lVkIaF dy sLosLx nMU bfKUbI icqiraf igaf hY. ieh gulfm, kuMqf ikMqy qoN bfad pusLq dr pusLq afpxy ivrsy dIaF XfdF nMU sMBfldy hoey hOlI-hOlI Aus idn vwl vDdy hn, jdoN Auh gulfm nhIN rihMdy.
rUts nfvl ny amrIkn ieiqhfs dy sB qoN duKdfeI pMny vwl lokF df iDafn duafieaf. ieh nfvl ijwQy gulfmI, kfly lokF dI sLnfKLq aqy mOiKk ieiqhfs dI mhwqqf dI gwl krdf hY, AuWQy muV AuWBrn dI sLkqI aqy mnuwKI nYiqkqf dI awiqafcfr AuWpr ijwq df jsLn vI mnfAuNdf hY. ieh nfvl sMXukq pRIvfr dI qfkq, pRIvfrk mYNbrF df iewk-dUjy dI shfieqf leI qwqpr rihxf aqy asUlF `qy pihrf dyx leI Kqrf muwl lYx df sbk vI isKfAuNdf hY. ienHF ivisLaF krky ies nfvl nMU byhwd pRiswDI imlI.
kuJ kfly lIzrF ny ies nfvl nMU mnuwKI aiDkfrF dI iewk mhwqv pUrn Gtnf ikhf. BfvyN bhuqy alockF ny ies nfvl dI pRsMsf hI kIqI pr AunHF nMU ies gwl df pUrf XkIn nhIN sI ik rUts nMU nfvl dI sLRyxI ivwc rwKx jF ieiqhfs dI. ikAuN ik ieh ikqfb swcIaF GtnfvF `qy aDfrq hY pr pfqrF dy sMvfdF, socF aqy BfvnfvF nMU glpink rUp idwqf igaf hY. rUts dy pRkfsLn qoN bfad nfvlkfr `qy kuJ dosL vI lwgy. ijvyN 1977 ivwc do pRkfisLq lyKkF, mfrgRyt vfkr aqy hrlz korlYNzr ny dosL lgfey ik aYlYks hylI ny AunHF dIaF ilKqF dI corI krky rUts ivwc vriqaf hY. bfad ivwc mfrgRyt vfkr ny afpxy dosL vfips lY ley. hylI ny mMinaf ik Aus ny axjfxpuxy ivwc korlYNzr dI ikqfb ‘df aPrIkn’(1968) ivwcoN iqMn pihry lY ley sn. ies dy bdly hylI ny korlYNzr nMU pMj lwK zflr dy ky smJOqf kr ilaf. ienHF ivvfdF dy bfvjUd lokF ivwc rUts dI sLfK nMU koeI PLrk nhIN ipaf. ieh hfly vI skUlF, kfljF aqy XUnIvristIaF ivwc ieiqhfs aqy sfihq dy slybs ivwc pVHfieaf jFdf hY.
hux ies nfvl df pMjfbI ivwc vI anuvfd ho igaf hY. ieh anuvfd iksy XunIvristI jF iksy sMsQf ny nhIN krvfieaf sgoN iewk awsI sflF dy bjLurg dljIq isMG dI myhnq df iswtf hY. aYzimMtn (knyzf) invfsI ies anuvfdk dIaF do ikqfbF ‘mnuwKI pRfpqI dy isKLr’(ajUby) aqy ‘swc dI Bfl’(coxvyN dfrsLink ivcfr) Cp cuwkIaF hn. rUts nfvl nMU anuvfd krn dI iejLfjq lYx leI lMby Kqo-iKqfbq qoN bfad dljIq isMG ny ZfeI sflF dI GxI imhnq nfl ies ikqfb df anuvfd krky ies nMU tfeIp kIqf. nfvl ivwc gFbIaf dy Aus iKwqy dI BfsLf dI Brmfr hox krky anuvfdk nMU BfrI myhnq krnI peI. anuvfd qoN bafd dljIq isMG ny 828 siPLaF dI ies ikqfb nMU Cpvfieaf aqy hux afpxy qOr `qy hI lyKk dosqF aqy knyzf dIaF lfiebRyrIaF nMU ByNt kr irhf hY. anuvfdk dI ies Gflxf nMU dfd dyxI bxdI hY. Aus vrgy isrVI jixaF kfrn hI pMjfbI sfihq dI joq jgdI rhygI. pr ieQy mn ivwc ieh svfl vI afAuNdf hY ik kdy Auh idn vI afvygf jdoN pMjfbI lyKk/anuvfdk nUM Aus dI imhnq df muwl imlygf aqy Aus nUM afpxIaF ikqfbF afp cuwk ky pfTkF ipwCy Bjxf nhIN pvygf. KYr! ies smyN dljIq isMG dI imhnq nUM hfridk slfm. rUts df cMgf pMjfbI anuvfd pfTkF leI vzmuwlf qohPLf hY.