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lfl isµG idl lokF df ienklfbI kvI
zf rOxkI rfm
 

lfl isµG idl df ienklfbI hoxf Aunf hI mhwqvpUrn hY ijµnf ik Aus df afpxI soc ƒ pRgt krn leI kivqf df rfh cuxnf.1 asl ivc ieh gwl lfl isµG idl bfry hI nhIN blik sfrIaF ienklfbI lihrF AuWqy lfgU huµdI hY ijs ivc kivqf df adb sQfn hY. ieh ivcfr iesy qrHF pUrn qOr ’qy gdr lihr ƒ vI CUµhdf hY. agr asIN bhuq ipCy vI cwly jfeIey qF pUrI dI pUrI BgqI lihr jF iPr Aus qoN vI pihlF hoNd ivc afey vyd aqy vYidk rcnfvF smyq pqFjlI aqy pfxnI dIaF ilKqF sfzy qk kivqf dy rUp ivc hI phuµcdIaF hn. sfrI gurbfxI vI sµgIqmeI kivqf dy rUp ivc hI AucfrI geI hY. aijhf sB kuJ BFp ik ievyN nhIN lwgdf ik ijs iKwqy dI asIN gwl krdy hF, kivqf Aus dI rUh hY. jy ieh swc hY qF iPr ieh vI swc hY ik kivqf dy rcxhfr mihj kvI hI nf ho ky icµqnÈIl, XQfrQvfdI, ivigafnI hox dy nfl-nfl ies DrqI AuWqy smfijk brfbrqf aqy hsmuwK iensfnF dI hoNd dy sfrQI/ ienklfbI vI sn aqy hn. kvIaF df aijhf hoxf kivqf dy mfinaF ƒ bhuq ivÈfl bxf idµdf hY. lfl isµG idl aijhy kvIaF ivcoN iek sn. kvI hoxf, smfijk brfbrqf dI gwl krnf, icµqnÈIl hoxf aqy nkslvfdI hoxf sB smfnfrQI Èbd hn. ienklfbIaF df kvI hoxf ies gwl dI gvfhI Brdf hY ik Auh pUµjIvfdI anfrkI dy Ault Éushflqf, smfijk brfbrqf aqy sfvIN afriQkqf, jo ik luwt Ksuwt qoN mukq hovy, dy agrdUq sn. ijQoN qk kvIaF df anfrkI dy nfl nfqf hY Auh afps ivc iek alwg pihcfx rwKdf hY. kvI hmyÈf hI luwt-Ksuwt dy ivruwD ijhVf ivDfn GiVaf huµdf hY Aus dy ivruwD afvfË AuTf ky anfrkI df prcm lihrfAuNdf hY. lfl ny ieh prcm afpxI kivqf dy rfhIN jwg jfhr kIqf hY. iehI kfrn hY ik ijs vI lihr jF jQybµdI dI pRoVqf kivqf ivc hox lwg pvy qF Auh lihr/ jwQybµdI kivqf dy shfry amr ho jFdI hY. lokF dy idlF ivc Gr kr jFdI hY. afp muhfry Ëubfn qy af jFdI hY.

kvI lfl isµG idl vI smfijk bfrbrqf aqy sfvIN afriQkqf df supnf lY ky Bfrq ivc ienklfb ilafAux leI nkslbfVI lihr ivc kuwidaf sI jF ieAuN kih lE ik lfl isµG idl dy aµdr aijhI lihr ivc smHf jfx df mjUn pihloN hI iqafr hoieaf ipaf sI ijs ny prvfny dI qrHF lo vwl ƒ acncyq iKwicaf jfxf sI. lfl isµG ies lihr df afpxy mjUn sdkf isrmOr kvI ho AuWBrdf hY jo Aus ƒ rfjnIiqk pCfx dy pwDr dy mukfbly keI guxF ivÈfl, hrmn ipafry lok kvI vjoN pyÈ krdI hY. lfl df kvI hoxf, Aus df grIb pirvfr ivc jnm lYxf aqy awgoN Aus pirvfr df jfqI pwDr ’qy hfÈIafgRsq hoxf mihj sµjog hI nhIN blik awtl hoxI hY, prµqU aijhI hoxI ËrUrI nhIN ik sB dy ihwsy afvy. agr aijhf huµdf vI qF iPr ieh ËrUrI nhIN ik Aus dI hoxI lfl isµG idl vflI hoxI hI hovygI. lfl isµG idl grIbF dI sB qoN QwlVI jfqI nfl sµbµiDq lokF, ijnHF ƒ afpxy hI Gr ivc bygfnf bxf ky Cyikaf igaf aqy pIVq aOrqF dI Auh mrdµg sI ijhVI bRfhmxvfdI vrx-pRQf qoN pRyirq kfxy smfj aqy lotU afriQkqf dI burÈfgrdI dy isr ȵK bx ky jµgI lihr dI llkfr vFgU grËI. pr hF, Aus dI kivqf dI aijhI llkfr kwqeI hI ËflmmeI nhIN sI. Auh qF Ëflmqf dy ivruwD bulµdI df prcm lihrfAuNdI hoeI isrjxfmk ÈFqI bhfl krn pRqI bcnbwD sI. Aus df vyg ibjlI vrgf huµdf hoieaf vI suwqy smuµdr dI sihj vrgf sI. Aus dI kivqf df ieh sihjmeI gux lfl dI rfjnIiqk ivcfrDfrf aqy smfijk srokfrF ƒ alwg-alwg nf pyÈ krdf hoieaf iek sur ivc lYa-bwD krdf nËr afAuNdf hY. ieho hI gux Aus ƒ KudkuÈI krn qoN jF iPr iksy df kql krn qoN vI bcfAuNdf afieaf sI. Aus ƒ ieh BlI-BFq Ébr sI ik ijs lVfeI ivc Auh kuwd cuwkf hY Auh lVfeI ieµnI CotI nhIN ik ijs df bµnf KudkuÈIaF jF kql bµn skx. aijhI lVfeI lµby dm dI pukfr krdI hY ikAuNik ies lVfeI ny ÈurU qoN lY ky aÉIr qk smfijk qOr ’qy bydÉl kIqy dilqF aqy aOrqF dI asih duwK-qklIÌF dI iqwKI inÈfndyhI krnI hY ijs ƒ idl ny afpxI kivqf df isrÈk bxf ky lVfeI df ibgl bjfieaf. idl df aijhf krnf Aus ƒ hmyÈf-hmyÈf leI lokF dy cyiqaF ivc proeI rKygf.

lfl isµG idl smfijk qµg idRÈtI, aOrq pRqI Gor ainafie aqy jfqIpfqI dy kohV dy ivqkry ’c ienklfb df Auqpµn hoxf aYlfndf mihsUs huµdf hY. Auh kfrl mfrks dy arQivvsQf dy isDFq dy nfl jfqI pwDr qy ho rhy Gor ivqkry aqy nfl-nfl aOrq dy hwkF dy Auqy sdIaF qoN ho rhy ËflmfnF awiqafcfrF ƒ joV ky iek nvIN isDFqk ivAuNqbµdI isrjdf nËr afAuNdf hY ijs dI Éfs qOr qy Bfrq ivcly Kwby pwKIaF, isafsqdfnF aqy KojfrQIaF ny koeI sfr nhIN leI. lfl isµG idl vfsqy ienklfb df afAuxf isrÌ asfvIN afriQkqf dy jUly qoN injfq hI nhIN dvfAuNdf blik iek aijhy smfj dI vI AusfrI krdf hY ijQy muhwbq aqy iensfnf dI ivakqIgq pihcfx pUrn qOr qy jfqI pfqI glby qoN mukq ho jFdI hY. ijQy Aus ƒ ieh nhIN kihxf pvygf, ‘‘mYƒ ipafr krdIey prjfq kuVIey, sfzy sky murdy vI-iek QF qy nhIN jlfAuNdy.’’ lfl isµG idl dy afdrÈI smfj ivc iksy ƒ ies krky pIVq nhIN hoxf pvygf ik Aus dy jUTy glfs ƒ Aus dI mihbUbf dI mF awg ’c qpf ky iBwt nÈt krdI hY jF iPr puils df dUhrf dmn Jwlxf pYˆdf hY : nfly kuwt aqy nfly Ëihr Bry bol ‘‘dyeIey quhfƒ ËmInF cmfro?’’2 lfl isµG idl dI kivqf dy ivc Aus df aµdrlf qoqf boldf sfÌ-sfÌ nËr afAuNdf hY. Aus ny afpxy aµdrly qoqy ƒ afËfd kIqf hoieaf hY. ijhVf ik smfj dIaF qmfm bµdÈF ƒ icrdf hoieaf bfhrly rOly ƒ lgfqfr cuwp krfAuNdf nËr afAuNdf hY. dUsry ÈbdF ivc lfl isµG idl dI kivqf Bfrq ivclI jfqIpfqI kohV dy injfm dI sfÌ-sfÌ gwl krdI hY ijhVI lfl isµG idl ƒ afpxy smkflI aqy afpxy qoN pihlF hoey kvIaF qoN alwg pyÈ krdI hY. amrjIq cµdn ny shI hI iliKaf hY ik ‘‘lfl isµG idl cmfrF dy Gr jMimaf ieh gwl iehdI kivqf ivc keI QfeIN afeI hY. svYjIvnI ivc iehny afpxy ivhVy, skUl qy nkslI pfrtI qy iPr puils dy jfq aiBmfn bfry KuwlH ky iliKaf hY.’’3

idl dI kivqf ‘‘eyabIbI eyaabIbI’’ krky rotI mµgdy, qy hYˆ jI hYˆ jI krdy, ‘jl dI ipafs ƒ pIx vfly’, ‘moiZaF’ ’qy cuwkI iPrdy kuwlIaF dy bFs’, pqIilaF ’c leI iPrdy mfvF dy puwq, ‘giDaF’ ’qy bYTy ‘swpF vfly’, ‘CwjF vfly’, ‘pwQr ZfAuNdy’, ‘Zol bjfAuNdy’, ‘BolIaF BolIaF bfqF pfAuNdy’, ‘bwTl vycx vfly’, ‘mYl kwZx vfly’, ‘kwCU PVn vfly’, ‘vfsxf’, ‘vysvfvF’, ‘bgFly sfhsI’ aqy ‘BIlF’ dy nIky moty lfiraF dI pirkrmf krdI nËr afAuNdI hY. Aus dI kivqf ijwQy grIbI ƒ dµdIaF JkfAuNdI hY AuQy jfqI apmfn df BFzf vI BµndI hY. Aus dI kivqf ieh dfavf krdI hY ik jy ies Drq ’qy vsdy Jµby-iBwty dilqF aqy aOrqF dI dfsqfn df ikDry dUjy isqfry dy lokF ƒ pqf lwg jfvy qF Auh pwQr ho jfvx aqy jykr pÈUaF ƒ ies df anuBv ho jfvy qF Auh jµglF vwl Bwj jfvx. lfl dI kivqf ‘bRfhmxvfdI’ jlvy vflI Aus ivvsQf df iËkr krdI hY ijs ny mnuwK ƒ Aus dI mnuwKqf qoN vµicq kr idwqf hY. asl ivc lfl isµG idl Bfrq df pihlf kvI hY ijs ny AunHF lokF dI gwl kIqI hY ijnHF AuWqy prfey aqy bfhroN afey afrIaf DfVvIaF ny ieµny isqm Zfey ik AunHF dy asly dI pihcfx hI gvf ky rwK idwqI. AunHF dy ieiqhfs, AunHF dy lok-nfiek aqy hor sB swiBafcrk inÈfn-icµnHF df mlIafmyt kr idwqf. lfl dy vyly aqy awj-kwlH vI gDy leI iPrdy, iJVkF KFdy, ipµzo-ipµz qy jµglo-jµglI Kwjl-Kvfr huµdy aqy lfry bxf-bxf rihµdy, BuwKF dy mfry ieh AuhI nfg lok hn jo afrIaF dy afAux qoN pihlF ies DrqI dy kdy rfjy aqy rfxIaF hoieaf krdy sn. ijnHF ƒ afrIaf smfj afpxy ivc afqmsfq krn ’c asÌl irhf hY, qy ijnHF ny bRfhmxvfd dI aDIngI kdy vI kbUl nhIN kIqI. iehI lok ijnHF ƒ smyN dI isafsq aqy bRfhmxvfdI ivDfn ny mnuwKF qoN aCUq, pµcm, Zyz, pyrIaf, cµzfl, hrIjn aqy dilq afid bxf idwqf, lfl isµG idl dI kivqf df iȵgfr bxdy hn. ienHF lokF df dyÈ, Gr, slqnq, lIzr, Brf, swjx, kuVI, mF, puwq kuJ vI afpxf nhIN. ieh Auh sbfltrnË hn (smfj dIaF sB qoN hyTlIaF sÌF ’qy bYTy hoey) ijnHF ƒ swqfDfrIaF qoN koeI afs vI nhIN hY. lfl apxI kivqf ivc ienHF dI agvfeI krdf kihµdf hY ik hux ienHF ƒ iksy rihm ’qy kuJ vI mnËUr nhIN. lfl ienHF lokF nfl iekimk ho ky afpxI kivqf ivc grjdf hY ik swqf vfilE ‘‘qusIN sfƒ rqf ieh dwso ik qusIN sfzy leI kuJ krn vfly kOx huµdy ho?’’ lfl isµG idl lfiraF vfilaF dy ivroDIaF ƒ muÉfqb huµdf hoieaf kihµdf hY, ‘‘Auh qF sfƒ suwtdy ny sfvI lckIlI kfhI ivc jF phfVI ikwkrF dI mihk ivc asIN AunHF ƒ nflIaF ’c goihaF ’c kuwiqaF QIN lokF dIaF juwqIaF dy hoToN GVIsFgy.’’ lfl ienHF dwby-kuwcly lokF leI QF-QF ’c gurIly KVy krn dI gwl krdf hY.

lfl isµG idl dI kivqf df ieh pihlU ijnHF aiq dilqF dI gwl krdf hY Auh qF bfbf sfihb zf: aµbydkr duafrf sµivDfn ivc idlvfey gey aiDkfrF dIaF DfrfvF qoN vI swKxy hn. ieh lfl isµG idl dI kivqf dI pRfpqI hY ik Aus ny ienHF lokF dy duwKF ƒ ÈbdF ivwc ilafAux dI pihl kdmI krn dI ihµmq kIqI. lfl qoN pihlF Èfied hI iksy ienklfbI kvI ny ienHF lokF dI ieµnI iÈdq nfl gl kIqI hovy. asl ivc ieh lfiraF vfly lok qF Bfrq dI afËfdI qoN bfad nvF sµivDfn GVn vyly vI axgoly hI rhy. ienHF ƒ qF lfl isµG idl vrgy kvI dI awK hI prK skdI sI aqy ienF ƒ sdIaF qoN mOilk aiDkfrF qoN vµicq bxdf srdf sQfn idvf skdI sI pr aijhI hoxI ienF dy ihwsy nhIN afeI. lfl isµG idl ny ienF lfry vfilaF dI apxI kivqf ivc gwl krky Bfrq srkfr ƒ iek bhuq vwzI cuxOqI idwqI hY ik ikvyN aËfdI qoN bfad vI DnfZF df ieµzIaf afpxy aslI biȵidaF jo ik Bfrq ƒ sµgiTq krdy hn awKoN Auhly rwKI bYTf hY.

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lfl isµG idl dI imafrI aqy inafrI kivqf df dUsrf pihlU hY aOrq. lfl vfsqy aOrq mihË iek pRfxI hI nhIN Auh qF Aus vfsqy iek bhuq vwzf afdrÈ hY. ijs ƒ Auh DrqI dI ivÈflqf dy nfl sµboiDq huµdf hY. lfl dIaF kivqfvF ivwc aOrq df gm inrf ijns df nf ho ky sgoN hsqI df ho ky pyÈ hoieaf nËr afAuNdf hY. lfl aOrq ƒ DrqI df iek ajUbf mµndf hY, ijs ny DrqI afpxy hwQ AuWqy cuwkI hoeI hY. amrjIq cµdn ny TIk hI iliKaf hY ik ijvyN lfl aOrq hox dy drd ƒ ibafn krdf hY, Auh lfsfnI hY.4 zf suKdyv isµG dy ÈbdF ivwc, ‘‘lfl isµG idl dy kfiv-lok ivc pyÈ aOrq df ibµb sfzy avcyqn ivc siQq aOrq dy ibµb nfloN bhuq vwKrf hY-Auh nf snfqnI suhj dI mUrq hY, jo isLµgfr-rsI sfihq dI nfiekf/ kfmxI vFg sfzI rwqI Bfvnf dI sihj iqRpqI kr sky, nf bIrbfnI ‘durgf’ hY jo afpxI qy hor kmËor iDrF dI rfKI kr skdI hovy aqy nf hI pRgqIvfdI kfiv ivclI cyqn ȵGrÈÈIl nfrI hY jo mOËUdf ainafieÈIl ivvsQf dIaF guµJldfr prqF ƒ smJx qy vµgfrn dI smrwQf rwKdI hY. idl dy ‘nfg-lok’ ivclI aOrq mfsUm, aboD aqy hµBI-hfrI lokfeI dI pRqIk hY, jo dmnkfrI ivvsQf dy Ëihr ƒ afpxI ‘hoxI’ smJ ky pIx leI byvws hY.’’5 zf srbjIq isµG anusfr, ‘‘lfl isµG idl dI kivqf ivwc aOrq pIVq, psq lokfeI df atuwt aµg bx ky sfhmxy afAuNdI hY jo hmdrdI jF qrs dI pfqr nhIN sgoN brfbr dI hoNd dI aiDkfrI hY.’’6 lfl ijnHF aOrqF dI gwl krdf hY Auh purfxy qy ssqy kwpiVaF aqy ssqy sfbx kRIm dI mihk mfxdIaF, byr cugdIaF inrvsqr kuVIaF, DrqI ƒ hwQF ’qy cuwkI KVIaF, imwtI dIaF rotIaF bxfAuNdIaF, BFzy ’coN lUx JfVdIaF, pwQr dI inafeI juafnI kuwtdIaF, jIvn dy icwkV ’cy jUJdIaF, KurlIaF sµBrdIaF, gohy cugdIaF, kµcn dyh ƒ sfVdIaF, kfly-kfly sUt pihxI mËUrI krdIaF, JoilaF ’c bwcy cuwkI iPrdIaF, GoVy cfrn vflIaF, kuVylI dIaF vfsxF, ijnHF dI aqy DrqI dI pIV iewk hY, ies DrqI dIaF mUl aidvfsxF hn. lfl afidvfsxF bfiȵdIaF, vysvfvF qRImqF kuVIaF ƒ, mfvF, BYxF aqy DIaF afK ky muÉfqb huµdf hY. ieho pUry Bfrq smyq vwzy pUµjIdfrF dIaF vI mfvF, BYxF qy DIaF hn. lfl ieh kihµdf mihsUs huµdf hY ik jy vwzy pUµjIdfrF ny ienHF pRqI mfvF, BYxF vflf slUk Cwz ky vihÈIpx cuxnf hY qF iPr iehI qRImqF afAux vfly ienklfb dIaF mfvF, BYxF qy DIaF Aus idn dI AuzIk ivc hn jdoN AunHF dy vIr jfgxgy, jvfn hoxgy, cfrngy GoVy aqy cuwkxgy kmfn. lfl isµG idl dIaF GoVy cfrn vflIaF ieh kuVIaF ËmIn PVn dI cHf rwKdIaF hoeIaF jd kdy ÉusI dy bwTl BrIaF bVk mfrdIaF hn qF bhuq kuJ vgHf dyx dI ihµmq rwKdIaF hn. ieh kdy rfxIaF sn ijnHF ny jµglF ’c nOkr ivafhy. ieh jfxdIaF hn ik corF dy kwpVy kfly hoNvdy iPr vI Auh kflf pihxdIaF hn. ieh vysvf qRImqF hI ieh DrqI df iek ajUbf hn ijnHF krky DrqI dy pfxI inrml aqy Tµzy hn aqy ies dy hµJUaF krky sfgr Kfry hn.

idl ny afpxIaF kivqfvF ivc ijs qrHF aOrq df nkÈf Aukiraf hY Auh Èfied hI pihlF iksy kvI dI sµvydnÈIlqf df ibµdU bixaf hovy. lfl df aOrq ƒ inrml qy Tµzy pfxI nfl sµboDq hoxf aqy Aus dy duwKF ƒ sfgr dy Kfry pfxI dy rfhIN isµbolfeIË krnf afpxy afp ivc iek pihl kdmI qF hY hI ies qoN ielfvF PYmIinst izskors ivc iek nvIN idK df pRgtfvf hY. ijnHF aOrqF dI Auh gwl krdf hY Auh nf qF ipµzF dIaF dilq bsqIaF ivc vsdIaF, mtr qoVn vflIaF, aflU puwtx vflIaF, kxk vwZx vflIaF, hvylIaF ’c gohf-kUVf krn vflIaF, koTo-ivhVy sµBrn vflIaF aOrqF hn aqy nf hI prµprfgq smfj ivcly KfndfnI pirvfrF dI iewËq dy nF ’qy Gr gRihsqI dI cfr-dIvfrI dIaF kYdxF hn. Auh qF rfKÈ bfxf pihnx vflIaF byr cugdIaF BolIaF inrvsqr kuVIaF ËmInF vfilaF dy bol-kubol suxdIaF, drwKqF qoN suwkIaF tfhxIaF lfhuµdIaF iJVkF KFdIaF, buwqIaF krdIaF mfvF, BYxF hn. ienHF dI gwl nf pihlF iksy PYmIinst ny kIqI hY aqy nf hI iksy mËdUr sBf ny krnI hY. ieh afpxI gwl afp krngIaF. ieh gwl krngIaF afpxI pr ienklfb ƒ jnm dy ky. ienHF dI sµiKaf lgfqfr vD rhI hY cuwp-cupIqy aqy ckf-cOND krn vflI roÈnI dy aYn Qwly. ijs roÈnI dy dlfn ivc aksr ienHF dIaF awKF mohry hnyrf Cfieaf rihµdf hY. lfl isµG idl dIaF ieh aOrqF ies JUTI roÈnI ƒ ienklfb dy bµb nfl aµDyry ivc bdlx leI AuWTx dI iqafrI ivc jfpdIaF ny. ieh ienklfbI mfvF BYxF aqy DIaF aslI roÈnI dI dihlIË bxngIaF.

lfl isµG idl dI kivqf dy Auprokq donoN pihlU (lfiraF vfly qy aOrqF) afps ivc iek nvIN iekfeI bx ky pyÈ huµdy nËr afAuNdy ny. drasl ijQy lfl isµG idl iehnF lokF ƒ pirBfiÈq krdf nËr afAuNdf hY AuQy Auh ienF dy mfiDam rfhIN jo ik isvfey duKF qy qklIPF dy kuJ vI nhIN ajoky smfj dy Auqy krfrI swt vI mfrdf hY. Auh ieh drsfAuNdf nËr afAuNdf hY ik ijs qrHF DnfZ smfj ny lfiraF vfilaF aqy afpxI kivqf ivclIaF aOrqF ƒ iblkul smfj ivwcoN Cyk hI idwqf hY Ausy qrHF Auh AunF lokF ƒ vI Cykx qy hux quilaf hoieaf hY ijnF ƒ aKOqI qOr Auqy hrIjn, aCUq afidk sUckF nfl sµboiDq kIqf jFdf hY. lfl ienHF sB lokF ƒ jo ik Bfrq dI asloN rUh ny, Bfrq dI smfijk, afriQk aqy rfjnIqk rxBUmI ivc afpxy hwkF leI jUJdy dyKxf cfhuµdf hY. ieh lfiraF vfly AunHF suwkdy ndIxF, murJfAuNdy PuwlF aqy kumlfAuNdy rµgF qoN AuTdIaF KusbUaF BFqI hn ijnHF ƒ ‘‘sUµG ky gfvx ƒ idl krdf hY.’’ ijnHF ƒ dyK ky apxwq df JfAulf pYˆdf hY. lfl isµG idl ienHF lfiraF vfilaF qoN smfjk aqy rfjnIiqk lVfeI dI afs rwKdf afpxI kivqf ivc ienHF ƒ vfr vfr sµboiDq huµdf hY. ieh lVfeI Auh AUnHF lfiraF vfilaF vloN hI krn dI pyÈks krdf hY. ieh lVfeI lfl isµG idl anusfr iksy hor ny nhIN lVnI. ieh lVfeI qF ienHF lokF ny Kud hI lVnI hY jo ienHF dI apxI hY. hF lfl isµG idl ies lVfeI dy pivqr kuµz ivc afpxI ahUqI afpxI kivqf dy jrIey bhuq hI Èfndfr qrIky nfl idµdf nËr af irhf hY. ieh lok Aus dy sdf hI irxI rihxgy. lfl isµG idl vrgy ienklfbI kvI kdy kdfeIN hI afAuNdy ny aqy AuhnF dI Xfd hmyÈf bxI rihµdI hY.

hvfly qy itwpxIaF -
1 pRo hmdrdvIr nOiÈhrvI, lfl isµG idl dy njdIkI imwqr, dy ÈbdF ivc, ‘‘lfl isµG idl inrI kivqf hY. kivqf Aus dy aµdroN PuwtdI hY. kivqf Aus dy nsF ivc-hwzF ivc hY. idl, idl df kvI hY. pUry df pUrf kvI.Aus dI kivqf ivc koeI bnfvt nhIN. koeI Aucyc nhIN. Aus dI kivqf ivc afp muhfrqf hY. agµmI vyg hY.’’ lfl isµG idl-pUry df pUrf kvI, lfl isµG idl : sµklp qy smIiKaf, sµpfdk - zf aYsÈqrsym,lokgIq pRkfÈn, cµzIgVH, 2006, pµnf-21

2 dfsqfn, lfl isµG idl, cyqnf pRkfÈn, luiDafxf, 1998, pµnf-7

3 AuhI, pµnf-6

4 bhuq cup kIiqaF df kvI, amrjIq cµdn, nfg lok, lfl isµG idl, , lkIr pRkfÈn, jlµDr, 1997, pµnf-24, qkk ;qr dfsqfn, pµnf-12

5 lfl isµG idl kfiv : aishmqI df pRvcn, zf suKdyv isµG, lfl isµG idl : sµklp qy smIiKaf, pµnf-73

6 pQrfeI mnuwKqf df pRvkqf-lfl isµG idl, zf srbjIq isµG, AuhI, pµnf-61