sQfeI kflm / prdf jo AuWT igaf
bI sI ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF df sLosLx aqy lwut lgfqfr jfrI
suKvMq huMdl (shundal@sfu.ca)
 

(ies kflm ivwc Auh jfxkfrI dyx dI koisLsL kIqI jFdI hY, ijhVI muwK Dfrf dy mIzIey ivwc nhIN imldI jF hfsLIey AuWpr Dwk idwqI jFdI hY. )

bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUrF nUM sKq kMm krn dy bfvjUd vfjb qnKfh nhIN imldI, AuhnF nUM aijhIaF hflqF ivwc kMm krnf pYNdf hY ijhVIaF AuhnF dI ishq aqy surwiKaf leI Kqrf pYdf krdIaF hn aqy srkfrF dIaF nIqIaF ny iehnF inqfxy kfimaF dIaF hflqF nUM suDfrn dI QF hor bdqr kr idwqf hY. ieh sfrIaF gwlF kYnyzIan sYNtr Pfr pflsI altrnyitv vloN bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUrF bfry jUn 2008 ivwc jfrI kIqI “kltIvyitMg Pfrmvrkr rfeIts: aYNizMg dI aYksplfeytysLn afP ieMmIgrFt aYNz mfeIgrFt PfrmvrkrjL ien bI sI” * nfmI 80 dy krIb siPaF dI Koj BrpUr irport ivwc khIaF geIaF hn.
bysLwk bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUrF ivwc vwzI igxqI pMjfbIaF dI hY iPr vI pMjfbI BfeIcfry ivwc ieh irport bhuqI crcf df ivsLf nhIN bxI. ies dy bhuq sfry kfrn hoxgy. sfzy anusfr ies df sB qoN vwzf kfrn ieh hY ik ajoky kYnyzIan pMjfbI BfeIcfry ivwc Kyq mjLdUr hfsLIey AuWqy Dwky hoey lok hn. nqIjy vjoN BfeIcfry ivwc AuhnF dIaF hflqF aqy iPkrF bfry jfxkfrI vI hfsLIey AuWqy DwkI jFdI hY.
ies siQqI dy mwdynjLr asIN ies irport bfry iek ivsiqRq lyK ilK rhy hF. ho skdf hY ik ies nfl Kyq mjLdUrF dI drdnfk siQqI BfeIcfry dy iPkrF df ihwsf bx sky.
ies lyK ivwc sB qoN pihlF asIN ieh jfxkfrI dyvFgy ik bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUr kox hn. Aus qoN bfad Kyq mjLdUrF dy kMm dIaF hflqF, AuhnF bfry srkfrF dIaF nIqIaF aqy AuhnF dIaF hflqF suDfrn leI irport ivwc kIqIaF isPfirsLF bfry gwl krFgy aqy iPr afpxy vloN kuJ itwpxIaF krFgy.

bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUr:
bI sI dI PryjLr vYlI ivwc BfvyN bhuqf kMm bfhr KyqF ivwc huMdf hY, iPr vI kfPI sfrf kMm grInhfAUsF, kYnrIaF, nrsrIaF aqy vyarhfAUsF ivwc vI huMdf hY. ies snaq ivwc kMm krn vfly Kyq mjLdUrF ivwcoN bhuigxqI pMjfbI lokF dI hY ijhnF ivwcoN bhuigxqI aOrqF hn. pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUrF ivwcoN bhuqy isafxI Aumr dy lok hn - 50 qoN 60 sfl dy ivckfr aqy kfPI sfry lok ies qoN vI vwD Aumr dy hn. iehnF ivwcoN vwzI igxqI pirvfrk ieMmIgrysLn dI sLRyxI aDIn afpxy DIaF/puwqrF rfhIN spFsr ho ky kYnyzf afeI hY. AuhnF ivwcoN bhuiqaF nUM aMgryjLI nhIN afAuNdI. bysLwk AuhnF ivwcoN keIaF dI Aumr pYnsLn lYx dI Aumr dy brfbr hY, pr pYnsLn lYx df hwkdfr hox leI kYnyzf ivwc 10 sfl dI irhfiesL hox dI sLrq kfrn Auh pYnsLn lYx dy hwkdfr nhIN aqy KyqF ivwc kMm krn leI mjLbUr hn. KyqF qwk afAux jfx dI shUlq leI aqy kMm df sIjLn Kqm hox bfad ieMplOeymYNt ieMsLorYNs df Bwqf lYx dy hwkdfr bxn leI kIqy kMm dy loVINdy GMitaF df irkfrz pRfpq krn leI bhuqy pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUr Pfrm TykydfrF nfl kMm krn leI mjLbUr hn.

Poto: eIpok tfiemjL dy DMnvfd sihq

sMn 2004 ivwc PryjLr vYlI dI KyqI dI snaq ivwc afeI mjLdUrF dI Gft kfrn PryjLr vYlI dy Kyq mflk PYzrl srkfr dy sIjLnl aYgrIklcrl vrkrjL pRogrfm aDIn mYksIko qoN kfmy mMgvfAux lwgy hn. nqIjy vjoN PryjLr vYlI ivwc mYksIko qoN afey kfimaF dI igxqI bhuq qyjLI nfl vDI hY. sMn 2004 ivwc 50 kfmy mYksIko qoN PryjLr vYlI ivwc afey sn. sMn 2007 ivwc 2200 dy krIb kfmy mYksIko qoN PryjLr vYlI ivwc afey aqy iek aMdfjLy muqfbk sMn 2008 ivwc 3000 dy krIb kfmy mYksIko qoN PryjLr vYlI ivwc afAuxgy. mYksIko qoN afAux vfly kfmy 7-8 mhIinaF dy iekrfrnfmy aDIn ‘mihmfn vrkrF’ vjoN kYnyzf afAuNdy hn aqy afpxf iekrfrnfmf jF kMm muwkx qoN bfad vfps cly jFdy hn. kYnyzf ivwc AuhnF nUM pwky vsnIkF vflf koeI aiDkfr nhIN hY. iehnF kfimaF ivwc bhuigxqI mrdF dI huMdI hY aqy ieh jvfn Aumr -25 qoN 44 sfl - dy huMdy hn. iehnF kfimaF kol iek Kyq-mflk nfl kMm krn df iekrfrnfmf huMdf hY aqy Auh mflk vloN muhweIaf kIqI irhfiesL ivwc rihMdy hn.
ies qrHF ies smyN PryjLr vYlI ivwc kMm krn vfly Kyq mjLdUr do muwK BfeIcfiraF ivwcoN hn. iehnF dohF gruwpF dy kfimaF df kYnyzf ivwc ieMmIgrysLn df drjf vwK vwK hox krky, AuhnF nUM ies snaq ivwc keI qrHF dIaF vwK vwK siQqIaF aqy smwisafvF df sfhmxf krnf pYNdf hY. pr ikAuNik iehnF dohF gruwpF ivwcoN afAux vfly kfmy iek hI snaq ivwc kMm krdy hn, ies leI AuhnF dI luwt aqy sLosLx dIaF bhuq sfrIaF siQqIaF ieko ijhIaF hn.

kMm dIaF hflqF aqy qnKfhF:
ies irport anusfr bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUrF BYVIaF hflqF ivwc kMm krdy hn aqy AuhnF nUM ies kMm dI bhuq Gwt qnKfh imldI hY. ies irport dy KojIaF nfl gwlbfq kridaF bhuqy mjLdUrF ny dwisaf hY ik AuhnF nUM idn ivwc lMmy GMty kMm krnf pYNdf hY. hr rojL 10-12 GMty kMm krnf qF afm gwl hY. keI hflqF ivwc kMm dI idhfVI 14 GMitaF qwk vI lMmI ho jFdI hY. mYksIko qoN afey kuJ Kyq mjLdUrF ny dwisaf ik sIjLn dy isKr AuWqy keI vfr AuhnF nUM idn ivwc 20 GMty qwk kMm krnf pYNdf hY. Pfrm TykydfrF nfl kMm krdy pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUrF dy sMbMD ivwc siQqI nUM hor ivgfVn vflI gwl ieh hY ik lMmy GMty kMm krn qoN bfad iehnF mjLdUrF nUM afAux jfx leI TykydfrF dIaF vYnF ivwc kfPI vkq lfAuxf pYNdf hY. keI hflqF ivwc iek pfsy dy sPr leI hI zyZ qoN do GMty qwk lg jFdy hn.
kMm dy lMmy GMitaF dy nfl nfl not krn vflI gwl ieh vI hY ik ieh kMm bhuq sKq hY. aflU puwtx df kMm krdIaF kuJ pMjfbI aOrqF ny dwisaf ik lgfqfr 10-12 GMitaF leI igwlI jLmIn ivwcoN aflU cugx nfl AuhnF dy guwt duKx lwgdy hn aqy kdy kdy kMm dI qyjL rPqfr kfrn AuhnF nUM cwkr afAux lwgdy hn. keI PfrmF ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF nUM Pfrm dI axpwDrI jLmIn AuWqy dUr dUr qwk BfrI bfltIaF aqy PlYt cuwk ky qurnf pYNdf hY ijs dy nqIjy vwjoN AuhnF dy moZy aqy ipwTF duKx lwgdIaF hn. grIn hfAUs ivwc kMm krdIaF aOrqF ny dwisaf ik keI vfr kMm dI rPqfr eynI qyjL huMdI hY ik AuhnF nUM ies nfl cwkr afAux lwgdy hn. ies qrHF df sKq kMm huMidaF vI Kyq mjLdUr sfrf idn ibnF dm ilaF kMm krn leI mjLbUr huMdy hn. iek aOrq ny dwisaf ik jdoN Auh GMitaF dI qnKfh AuWqy kMm krdIaF hn qF: “suprvfeIjLr lgfqfr sfzy AuWqy ingfh rwKdy hn. asIN bYT nhIN skdIaF, gwl nhIN kr skdIaF aqy afrfm nhIN kr skdIaF - Auh cfhuMdy hn ik asIN kMm krI jfeIey, bs kMm krI jfeIey[[[ pr jdoN (asIN) pIs ryt AuWqy kMm krdIaF hF, bysLwk Aus vyly koeI suprvfeIjLr nhIN huMdf, iPr vI asIN afpxy afp AuWqy Kud ingrfnI rwKdIaF hF. asIN kMm krno nhIN htdIaF qFik sfzI kmfeI nf Gt jfvy.”
kMm dI sKqI bfry mYksIko qoN afey mjLdUrF dy vI ies qrHF dy ivcfr sn. mYksIko qoN afey iek mjLdUr df kihxf sI ik, “[[[ Auh (mflk) hmysLF hI cfhuMdy hn ik qusIN hor qyjL aqy hor qyjL kMm kro.” mYksIko qoN afey kuJ dUsry mjLdUrF df kihxf sI ik AuhnF dy suprvfeIjLr ‘stfp vfcF” lY ky AuhnF dy ipwCy lwgy rihMdy hn. mYksIko qoN afey mjLdUrF ny ieh vI dwisaf ik vfsLrUm jfx smyN AuhnF nUM afpxf kfrz pMc krky jfxf pYNdf hY. Bfv ik AuhnF dy mflk AuhnF vloN vfsLrUm ivwc lfey vkq df vI ihsfb rwKxf cfhuMdy hn. iek hor mjLdUr ny dwisaf ik “mflk hmysLF hI quhfzy AuWqy ciVHaf rihMdf hY.” iek hor ny dwisaf, “jdoN qusIN Juk ky kMm krdy ho, qF quhfnUM kdy kdy sfh lYx leI iswDy KVHy hoxf pYNdf hY. suprvfeIjLr ny mYnUM KiVHaf dyK ilaf aqy mYnyjr ny mYnUM DmkI idwqI ik Auh mYnUM mYksIko vfps Byj dyvygf.”
ies lMmy GMitaF vfly aqy sKq kMm leI Kyq mjLdUrF nUM bhuq Gwt mjLdUrI imldI hY. ies Koj ivwc ihwsf lYx vfly 28 pMjfbI mjLdUrF dIaF qnKfhF df ihsfb lfAux qoN bfad KojIaF df dfavf hY ik sMn 2006 ivwc AuhnF dI aOsq qnKfh 8 zflr 23 sYNt pRqI GMtf bxdI sI. eynI Gwt aOsq qnKfh hox df iswDf arQ hY ik iehnF ivwcoN keI mjLdUrF dI qnKfh bI sI dI Gwto Gwt qnKfh 8 zflr pRqI GMtf qoN vI GWt sI. ies dy nfl hI iehnF mjLdUrF nUM EvrtfeIm dI koeI qnKfh nhIN imldI, nf hI AuhnF nUM srkfrI CuwtIaF dI qnKfh imldI hY aqy nf hI sflfnf CuwtIaF dI. mYksIko qoN afey kfimaF dy iekrfrnfmy dI sLrq hY ik AuhnF nUM 8 zflr 90 sYNt pRqI GMtf qoN Gwt qnKfh nhIN idwqI jf skdI. pr mflk nUM hwk hY ik Auh iehnF kfimaF dI kuwl qnKfh df 7 PIsdI (550 zflr qwk) mkfn dy ikrfey vjoN kwt skdf hY ikAuNik ieh kfmy mflk vloN muhweIaf kIqI irhfiesL ivwc rihMdy hn. ies dy nfl Koj ivwc ihwsf lYx vfly mYksIko qoN afey keI kfimaF ny dwisaf ik AuhnF dy mflk AuhnF dI qnKfh ivwcoN kMm AuWqy surwiKaf leI loVINdy sfjL-sfmfn (dsqfny, mfsk afid) dI kImq vI kwtdy hn, bysLwk aijhf krnf gYr-kfnUMnI hY. mYksIko qoN afey kfimaF nUM vI Evrtfiem vgYrf dI qnKfh nhIN imldI. ies dy nfl hI mflkF vloN iehnF mjLdUrF dIaF qnKfhF dy sMbMD ivwc hor keI qrHF dIaF vDIkIaF kIqIaF jFdIaF hn. Audfhrn leI, mYksIko qoN afey iek mjLdUr ny dwisaf ik iek mflk ny iek kfmy dI 4 GMitaF dI qnKfh kwt leI jdoN ik Auh kfmf 2 GMty kMm nhIN sI kr sikaf. iek hor kys ivwc sMn 2007 dy pihly 2 mhIinaF dOrfn iek Pfrm mflk ny mYksIko qoN afey kfimaF nUM ipCly sfl dy ryt dy ihsfb (8 zflr 60 sYNt pRqI GMty) nfl hI qnKfhf idwqIaF jdoN ik 2007 df ryt 8 zflr 90 sYNt pRqI GMtf sI.
kMm AuWpr Kyq mjLdUrF dI ishq aqy surwiKaf nfl sMbMDq hflqF vI bhuqIaF qswlIbKsL nhIN. ies irport muqfbk bI sI dI KyqIbfVI dI snaq ivwc kMm nfl sMbMDq durGtnfvF kfrn hr sfl 800 mjLdUrF dy swtF lwgdIaF hn. aOsqn hr sfl KyqIbfVI dI snaq ivwc kMm krn vfly 4 kfimaF dI swtF lwgx kfrn mOq huMdI hY. smuwcy rUp ivwc bI sI dy 100 Kyq mjLdUrF mgr swt lwgx dI sflfnf dr 3[7 hY ijhVI ik bI sI dI sfrIaF snaqF dI aOsqn dr (3[2 pRqI 100 mjLdUr) nfloN 15 PIsdI vD hY.
Kyq mjLdUrF nUM KyqF ivwc keI

qrHF dIaF ishq leI hfnIkfrk hflqF ivwc kMm krnf pYNdf hY. kMm dy lMmy GMitaF aqy sKq kMm qoN bfad ijhVI sB qoN vwzI hfnIkfrk hflq nfl AuhnF df vfh pYNdf hY, Auh hY KyqF ivwc vrqy jFdy rsfiexk pdfrQ. keI vfr AuhnF nUM AuhnF KyqF ivwc kMm krnf pYNdf hY ijhnF ivwc QoVHf icr pihlF kItnfsLk dvfeIaF dI vrqoN kIqI geI hovy. Kyq mjLdUrF ny ies sMbMD ivwc iek Audfhrn idMidaF dwisaf ik iek smyN iqMn mjLdUr iek grIn hfAUs dI Cwq sfP kr rhy sn qF iek hYlIkfptr afieaf aqy Aus ny ibnF koeI icqfvnI idwiqaF nfl dy grInhfAUs dI Cwq AuWpr kuJ rsfiexk pdfrQ (kYmIkl) iCVk idwqy. nqIjy vjoN AuhnF mjLdUrF nUM kfhlI nfl afpxI Cwq qoN hyTF AuWqrnf ipaf qFik Auh iCVky gey rsfiexF dy asr qoN Auhly ho skx. iek grIn hfAUs ivwc kMm krdIaF aOrqF ny dwisaf ik grIn hfAUsF dIaF bMd QFvF ivwc pOidaF nUM pkfAux leI CwzIaF gYsF Kqrnfk huMdIaF hn ijhVIaF sfh rfhIN AuhnF aMdr jFdIaF rihMdIaF hn.

Kyq ivwc rsfiexk pdfrQF vflf iek Zol, Poto: stIv boc

KyqF ivwc vrqy jFdy rsfiexk pdfrQF (kYmIklF) bfry gwlbfq kridaF bhuqy Kyq mjLdUrF ny dwisaf ik mflkF vloN iehnF rsfiexk pdfrQF bfry jF qF jfxkfrI idwqI hI nhIN jFdI aqy jy idwqI jFdI hY qF bhuq Gwt jfxkfrI idwqI jFdI hY. nqIjy vjoN Kyq mjLdUrF leI ieh jfxnf musLikl huMdf hY ik ieh rsfiexk pdfrQ ikMny ku Kqrnfk hn. keI vfrI mflk Kyq mjLdUrF nUM ieh kih idMdy hn ik rsfiexk pdfrQ hfnIkfrk nhIN hn pr Kyq mjLdUrF nUM ies gwl df XkIn nhIN huMdf. Kyq mjLdUrF ny ieh vI dwisaf ik bhuqIaF hflqF ivwc Kyq mflk mjLdUrF nUM rsfiexk pdfrQF qoN bcfa vflf sfjL sfmfn (dsqfny, mfsk afid) nhIN lY ky idMdy aqy nf hI AuhnF nUM rsfiexk pdfrQF nfl surwiKaq ZMg nfl kMm krn dI koeI isKlfeI idMdy hn, bysLwk kfnUMn muqfbk AuhnF nUM aijhf krnf cfhIdf hY. iek pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUr aOrq ny dwisaf ik mflk Kyq mjLdUrF dy mukfbly afpxy pOidaF dI ishq aqy sPfeI df ijLafdf iKafl rwKdy hn. Auhny Audfhrn idMidaF dwisaf ik mflk AuhnF nUM isrP AudoN hI dsqfny aqy topIaF idMdy hn jdoN Auh “bybI gfjrF” nUM CFt aqy pYk kr rhIaF huMdIaF hn ikAuNik “bybI gfjrF” nUM AuWlI CyqI lwg jFdI hY.
rsfiexk pdfrQF (kYmIklF) nfl pYNdy vfh kfrn Kyq mjLdUrF ivwc ishq nfl sMbMDq keI qrHF dIaF musLiklF aqy qklIPF pYdf huMdIaF hn. ies Koj ivwc sLfml Kyq mjLdUrF anusfr iehnF ivwcoN kuJ smwisafvF hn: cmVI AuWqy Kfj hoxf, awKF dIaF smwisafvF, AultIaF afAuxf, cwkr afAuxf, sfh dIaF smwisafvF afid. Kyq mjLdUr mihsUs krdy hn ik mflkF nUM AuhnF dI ishq dI koeI prvfh nhIN. iek Kyq mjLdUr aOrq anusfr, “mflk mjLdUrF qoN isrP kMm lYxf cfhuMdy hn. jy asIN bImfr hoeIey qF AuhnF dI ies ivwc koeI idlcspI nhIN, Auh qF isrP ieh cfhuMdy hn ik asIN kMm krI jfeIey.”
ies irport ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF dI ishq aqy surwiKaf bfry ieh vI iliKaf hY ik ikMnIaF hI kMm dIaF QFvF AuWpr lMc rUm, vfsLrUm aqy pIx dy pfxI vrgIaF muZlIaF shUlqF nhIN hn jF qswlIbKsL nhIN hn. keI mYksIkn mjLdUrF df dfavf sI ik AuhnF dIaF kMm dIaF QFvF AuWqy lMc rUm aqy vfsLrUm nhIN sn aqy kMm AuWpr hwQ Dox leI pfxI nhIN sI. rsfiexk pdfrQF nfl kMm krdy mjLdUrF kol hwQ Dox leI pfxI df nf hoxf ishq leI Kqrnfk ho skdf hY ikAuNik pfxI dI axhoNd kfrn Auh Kfxf vgYrf Kfx qoN pihlF afpxy hwQF nUM Do nhIN skdy. afpxy kMm dIaF hflqF AuWpr itwpxI kridaF iek pMjfbI aOrq ny dwisaf “[[[ lMc rUm cMgy aqy sfP nhIN hn. sfzy kol bYTx leI isrP lwkV dy Pwty hn; aqy (sfzy kol) TIk qrHF dy vfsLrUm nhIN hn.” grIn hfAUs ivwc kMm krdI iek aOrq df kihxf sI ik AuhnF dI kMm vflI QF AuWqy qfpmfn kfPI hox dy bfvjUd, AuhnF dy grIn hfAUs ivwc pIx leI pfxI nhIN sI.
Pfrm TykydfrF nfl kMm krn vfly pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUrF ny afpxI surwiKaf bfry gwl kridaF TykydfrF vloN Kyq mjLdUrF dI afvfjfeI leI vrqIaF jFdIaF gwzIaF bfry kfPI icMqf jLfhr kIqI hY. AuhnF ikhf ik iehnF gwzIaF dy sMbMD ivwc Pfrm Tyykydfr surwiKaf dy kfnUMnF dIaF gMBIr AulMGxfvF krdy hn. iek pMjfbI aOrq ny afpxy Tykydfr dI gwzI df vrnx kridaF ikhf, “(gwzI dIaF) koeI iKVkIaF nhIN, koeI sLIsLf nhIN. ies qrHF qusIN ieh nhIN dyK skdy ik aMdr ikMny lok lwdy hoey hn.” iek hor ny ikhf ik keI vfrI awT jF nON jixaF leI isrP swq sItF huMdIaF hn aqy koeI sIt bYltF nhIN huMdIaF. keI vfr 12 jF 14 jixaF vflIaF vwzIaF vYnF ivwc 20 dy krIb lok ibTfey huMdy hn. sIjLn dy isKr vyly vYnF bfry gwl kridaF iek Kyq mjLdUr ny ikhf, “gwzIaF Evrloz kIqIaF huMdIaF hn aqy kfmy bfltIaF, stUlF AuWqy bYTy huMdy hn aqy sIt bYltF vgYr sItF AuWqy qUVy hoey huMdy hn.”

7 mfrc 2007 nUM aYbtsPorz ivwc hoey vYn aYksIzYNt df idRsL - DMnvfd sI bI sI

Kyq mjLdUrF dI afvfjfeI dIaF ies qrHF dIaF hflqF AuhnF leI kfPI Kqry dIaF sMBfvnfvF nfl BrpUr huMdIaF hn. ies qrHF dIaF gwzIaF dy aYksIzYNt hox dI sUrq ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF dy kfPI gMBIr swtF lwgx df Kqrf bixaf rihMdf hY aqy keI vfr ieh aYksIzYNt Kyq mjLdUrF leI jfnlyvf bx jFdy hn. Audfhrn leI, 7 mfrc 2007 nUM aYbtsPorz ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF dI iek vYn dy aYksIzYNt nUM dyiKaf jf skdf hY. ies aYksIzYNt ivwc iqMn Kyq mjLdUr aOrqF - srbjIq kOr iswDU, amrjIq kOr bwl aqy suKivMdr kOr pUnIaf - mfrIaF geIaF sn aqy keI hor aOrqF jLKmI ho geIaF sn.
ijvyN pihlF dwisaf igaf hY ik mYksIko qoN afey Kyq mjLdUr Kyq mflkF vloN muhweIaf kIqI irhfiesL ivwc rihMdy hn. Koj ivwc ihwsf lYx vfly iehnF mjLdUrF ny dwisaf ik AuhnF dIaF irhfiesLI QFvF dI hflq bhuq BYVI hY. keIaF ny ikhf ik AuhnF dy mkfnF ivwc bhuq ijLafdf BIV hY. keIaF mkfnF ivwc jF qF tuafieiltF nhIN hn jF bhuq BYVI hflq ivwc hn. keIaF ny ikhf ik AuhnF dy ikcn aqy bfQrUm vwKry vwKry nhIN. keI horF df kihxf sI ik AuhnF dy mkfnF ivwc TMZ qoN bcx leI hItr nhIN hn. Kyq mjLdUrF dy iek gruwp anusfr AuhnF dy mkfn dI Cwq coNdI sI, mkfn ivwc cUhy sn aqy AuhnF df bfQrUm Gr qoN bfhr sI. ijvyN pihlF dwisaf igaf hY ik sIjLnl mjLdUrF dy iekrfrnfmy anusfr Kyq mflk ies qrHF dy GrF leI vwD qoN vwD 550 zflr qwk df ikrfieaf vI vsUl kr skdy hn.

Kyq mjLdUrF dI irhfiesL dI iek qsvIr: eIpok tfiemjL dy DMnvfd sihq

bysLwk Kyq mjLdUr kMm dIaF aijhIaF hflqF nUM psMd nhIN krdy pr Auh afpxy afp nUM eyny inqfxy smJdy hn ik Auh iehnF hflqF bfry isLkfieq krn df hONslf nhIN krdy. pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUr afpxI jfn Pfrm Tykydfr dI muwTI ivwc PsI smJdy hn. Auh mihsUs krdy hn ik jy AuhnF ny koeI vI isLkfieq kIqI qF AuhnF nUM kMm qoN juafb iml jfvygf. ies siQqI bfry iek pMjfbI Kyq mjLdUr ny ikhf, “asIN TykydfrF qoN zrdy hF, ikAuNik jy (Kyq mjLdUr) kuJ kihx qF agly idn AuhnF nUM kMm `qy nhIN iljfieaf jFdf[[[ iPr do iqMn idn kMm qy nf iljfey jfx bfad, (Tykydfr) AuhnF nUM puwCdy hn ‘ikAuN hux qUUM TIk ho igaf ik nhIN?’ ‘kI hux idmfg pUrI qrHF itkfxy af igaf ik nhIN?” iek byrI qoVn vfly Kyq mjLdUr ny dwisaf, “koeI vI sfnUM (qnKfhF) bfry nhIN dwsdf. [[[ sfnUM zr huMdf hY ik jy asIN kuJ puwiCaf qF sfnUM kMm qoN juafb iml jfvygf.”
mYksIko qoN afey Kyq mjLdUr vI isLkfieq krn qoN zrdy hn. mflkF aqy AuhnF ivckfr hoey iekrfrnfmy ivwc mflk nUM hwk idwqf igaf hY ik Auh iksy vI kfmy nUM “hukm adUlI, kMm krn qoN nFh krn jF hor vI iksy kfrn krky” kMm qoN juafb dy skdy hn. ies iekrfrnfmy anusfr mYksIko qoN afey Kyq mjLdUr isrP iek hI Kyq mflk nfl kMm kr skdy hn. ies leI jy iek mflk AuhnF nUM kMm qoN juafb dy dyvy qF Auh iks dUsry mflk kol kMm nhIN kr skdy aqy nqIjy vjoN AuhnF nUM afpxy dysL vfps jfxf pY skdf hY. ies dy nfl hI Auh agly sIjLn ivwc vfps nhIN af skxgy ikAuNik agly sfl vfps afAux leI AuhnF nUM afpxy pihly mflk vloN cMgy hvfly dI loV huMdI hY. iekrfrnfmy dI ies sLrq df mflk pUrI qrHF Pfiedf AuTfAuNdy hn aqy “dysL vfps Byjx dI DmkI” nfl mjLdUrF nUM afpxy kfbU ivwc rwKdy hn. mYksIko qoN afey iek Kyq mjLdUr ny dwisaf ik jy mjLdUr sfh lYx leI vI rukx qF mflk AuhnF nUM vfps dysL Byjx dI DmkI idMdy hn. aijhIaF siQqIaF ivwc Auh afpxy kMm dIaF hflqF bfry isLkfieq krn dI QF AuhnF nUM sihx leI mjLbUr ho jFdy hn.
keI lok soc skdy hn ik aijhIaF hflqF ivwc srkfr df PrjL bxdf hY ik Auh Kyq mjLdUrF dI mdd kry. afiKr nUM srkfrF df ieh PrjL huMdf hY ik Auh smfj dy sfry lokF dI BlfeI aqy iensfP bfry soco. smfj ivwc ijhVy lok afpxI surwiKaf afp krn dy Xog nhIN AuhnF dI surwiKaf dI ijLMmyvfrI lvy aqy AuhnF dy Gwto Gwt hwkF nUM bcfAux leI kfnUMn bxfvy aqy kfnUMnF dI qfmIl krvfAux leI vsIly muhweIaf kry. kI sfzIaF srkfrF - bI sI aqy kYnyzf dI srkfr - ny aijhf kIqf hY? ies df juafb hY nhIN. ies qrHF jfpdf hY ik AuhnF nUM iehnF inqfxy kfimaF dy ihqF dy iPkr dI QF Kyq mflkF dy ihqF df ijLafdf iPkr hY. afAu sMKyp ivwc dyKIey Kyq mjLdUrF dI smwisaf bfry srkfrF dI kfrgujfrI.

srkfrF dIaF nIqIaF
irport anusfr bI sI dI mOjUdf ilbrl srkfr ny meI 2001 ivwc qfkq ivwc afAux qoN bfad Kyq mjLdUrF dy QoVHy bhuqy kfnUMnI hwkF dI rfKI krn aqy AuhnF nUM mjLbUq krn dI QF AuhnF nUM kmjLor krnf sLurU kr idwqf. bI sI ivwc mjLdUrF dy Gwto Gwt hwk insLicq krn vfly ieMploeymYNt stYNzrzjL aYkt ivwc mOjUd Kyq mjLdUrF dy keI hwkF nUM Kqm kr idwqf, ies kfnUMn aDIn afAuNdy Kyq mjLdUrF dy hwkF aqy Kyq mjLdUrF dI ishq aqy surwiKaf leI bxy kfnUMnF dI qfmIl krn dIaF kfrvfeIaF nUM Gtf idwqf. bI sI dI srkfr vloN Kyq mjLdUrF dy sMbMD ivwc AuTfey aijhy kuJ kdmF df sMKyp sfr ies qrHF hY:
• sB qoN pihlF qfkq ivwc afAux dy 2 mhIinaF bfad hI bI sI dI ilbrl srkfr ny julfeI 2001 ivwc keI srkfrI eyjMsIaF vloN bxfeI sFJI aYgrIklcrl kMplfieMs tIm nUM qoV idwqf. ieh tIm sMn 1997 ivwc bI sI minstrI afP lybr aqy ihAUmn rIsorsjL izvYlpmYNt kYnyzf dy sihXog nfl sQfpq kIqI geI sI. ies tIm df mksd KyqI dI snaq ivwc mjLdUrF nfl sMbMDq AulMGxfvF dI jFc krnf sI. Kfs kr ky Kyq mflkF aqy Pfrm TykydfrF vloN kIqIaF jFdIaF AulMGxfvF dI. bfad ivwc nklI tYks irtrnF nfl nijwTx leI kYnyzf rYvinAU eyjMsI vI ies tIm df ihwsf bx geI . ies tIm df kMm afp pihl krky KyqIbfVI dI snaq ivwc huMdIaF kfnUMn dIaF AulMGxfvF dI jFc krnf sI nf ik iksy vloN isLkfieq kIqy jfx dI AuzIk krnf. sMn 1997 - 2001 ivckfr ies tIm ny Pfrm TykydfrF vloN ieMploeymYNt stYNzrzjL aYkt dy kfnUMn dIaF kIqIaF 1136 AulMGxfvF df pqf lfieaf sI. ies tIm dI sPlqf df aMdfjLf ies gwl qoN lg skdf hY ik ies tIm dy pRogrfm dy muKI nUM Aus dy kMm kr ky mfr idwqy jfx dIaF DmkIaF imlIaF aqy Aus nUM pulIs dI surwiKaf pRdfn kIqI geI.
• sMn 2002 dy bsMq dy mOsm ivwc srkfr ny bI sI dy ieMplOeymYNt stYNzrzjL aYkt ivwc qrmImF kIqIaF, ijs nfl Kyq mjLdUrF dy keI hwkF nUM Gtfieaf igaf jF Kqm kIqf igaf. sB qoN pihlF Auh sLrq Kqm kr idwqI geI ijs aDIn Kyq mflkF nUM afpxy KyqF ivwc Pfrm TykydfrF nfl kMm krn vfly Kyq mjLdUrF nUM idwqIaF qnKfhF df irkfrz rwKxf pYNdf sI. ies dy nfl hI Kyq mflkF nUM KyqF ivwc TykydfrF nfl kMm krdy Kyq mjLdUrF nUM qnKfhF dyx dI ijLMmyvfrI qoN vI surKrU kr idwqf igaf. sMn 1995 ivwc bxfey kfnUMn anusfr ieh jLrUrI sI ik Pfrm Tykydfr Kyq mjLdUrF nUM idwqIaF qnKfhF dy irkfrz Kyq mflkF nUM dyx aqy Kyq mflk ieh irkfrz swq sfl qwk rwKx. ies hI kfnUMn muqfbk Kyq mflk afpxy KyqF ivwc Pfrm TykydfrF nfl kMm krn vfly mjLdUrF nUM qnKfhF dyx leI Pfrm TykydfrF dy nfl ijLMmyvfr huMdy sn. aijhf kfnUMn ies leI bxfieaf igaf sI qF ik Pfrm TykydfrF vloN Kyq mjLdUrF dIaF qnKfhF mfrn nUM musLikl bxfieaf jf sky. pr ilbrl srkfr ny ieh gwl jfxidaF hoieaF vI ik keI Pfrm Tykydfr Kyq mjLdUrF dIaF qnKfhF mfr lYNdy hn, ies kfnUMn ivwc qrmIm kr idwqI.
• bI sI ivwc kMm dy Gwto Gwt mfpF dy kfnUMn nUM lfgU krn vflI ieMplOeymYNt stYNzrzjL bRFc dy bwjt ivwc vwzIaF ktOqIaF kr idwqIaF geIaF. ijs kfrn ies bRFc dy stfP ivwc iek iqhfeI kmI ho geI aqy bI sI Br ivwc ieMploeymYNt stYNzrzjL bRFc dy keI dPqr bMd kr idwqy gey. ies nfl ies kfnUMn dI qfmIl krvfAux dy kfrj ivwc kmI afeI. ies hI qrHF jnvrI 2002 ivwc srkfr ny Kyq mflkF aqy Pfrm TykydfrF dI gwl suxidaF ieMplOeymYNt stYNzrzjL bRFc dy stfP nUM inrdysL idwqy ik Auh byrI qoVHn dy isKr dy smyN dOrfn KyqF ivwc afpxIaF PyrIaF nUM Gtf dyx. srkfr dy inrdysL ivwc ikhf igaf ik ieMplOeymYNt stYNzrzjL bRFc df stfP kfnUMn lfgU krvfAux df afpxf kMm isafl aqy bsMq ruwq ivwc pUrI srgrmI nfl kr skdf hY. aijhy inrdysL dyx ipwCy srkfr dI dlIl ieh sI ik Auh byrI qoVHn dy isKr dy smyN KyqF dy kMm ivwc Gwt qoN Gwt ivGn pfAuxf cfhuMdI hY. pr Aus ny ieh iKafl nhIN rwiKaf ik ies smyN ieh jFc krn dI ijLafdf loV hY ik Kyq mflk aqy PfrmF dy Tykydfr ieMplOeymYNt stYNzrzjL dy kfnUMnF dI pflxf krdy hn ik nhIN.
• ies srkfr vloN bI sI dy Kyq mjLdUrF dy hwkF AuWpr aglf hmlf 2003 dI bsMq ruwq ivwc kIqf igaf jdoN iek kYbint afrzr ien kfAuNsl nfl ieMplOeymYNt stYNzrzjL dy kfnUMnF ivwc hor qbdIlIaF kIqIaF geIaF. iehnF qbdIlIaF nfl sB qoN pihlF srkfr ny PfrmF ivwc pIs ryt AuWqy kMm krn vfly Kyq mjLdUrF dIaF qnKfhF 4 PIsdI dy krIb Gtf idwqIaF ikAuNik AuhnF ieh kfnUMn bxf idwqf ik pIs ryt ivwc hI srkfrI CuwtIaF aqy sflfnf CuwtIaF dI qnKfh sLfml huMdI hY. ies qoN agFh KyqF ivwc GMitaF dI qnKfh AuWpr kMm krdy Kyq mjLdUrF nUM srkfrI CuwtIaF aqy sflfnf CuwtIaF dI qnKfh lYx dy hwkdfr hox qoN vFJy kr idwqf. nMbr iqMn srkfr ny PfrmF dy TykydfrF nfl GMitaF dI qnKfh AuWqy kMm krdy Kyq mjLdUrF nUM Aus hflq ivwc imlx vflI Gwto Gwt GMitaF dI qnKfh nUM cfr GMitaF qoN Gtf ky do GMitaF dI qnKfh kr idwqf ijs hflq ivwc kMm AuWqy jfx bfad AuhnF leI kMm nf hovy. nMbr cfr, iehnF qbdIlIaF nfl srkfr ny do hPiqaF ivwc 120 GMitaF qoN vwD GMty kMm krn leI imlx vflI Evrtfiem dI qnKfh nUM duwgxy ryt qoN Gtf ky zyZy ryt AuWqy kr idwqf aqy bfad ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF nUM mukMml qOr AuWqy Evrtfiem dI qnKfh dy hwk qoN vFJy kr idwqf.

irport ivwc ieh dfavf kIqf igaf hY ik KyqIbfVI dy Kyqr ivwc mjLdUrF dy hwkF ivwc kIqIaF ieh ktOqIaF PryjLr vYlI dy Pfrm mflkF aqy Pfrm TykydfrF vloN pfey isafsI dbfa kfrn kIqIaF geIaF. ies dy nfl hI ieh qbdIlIaF 2001 ivwc ilbrl srkfr dy aYgrIklcr, PUz aqy iPsLrIjL dy minstr jOhn vYn zONgn vloN PryjLr vYlI dy zyarI PfrmrF nfl ielYksLn qoN pihlF kIqy vfady nUM pugfAux df nqIjf hn. jOhn vYn zONgn, aYbtsPorz dy ielfky qoN ilbrl aYm aYl ey hn aqy ielYksLn qoN pihlF Auh iek zyarI Pfrmr sn. irport ivwc iliKaf hY ik bI sI ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF dy hwkF nUM Kqm krn dy ies ‘byimsfly’ kfrj leI bI sI dy lybr minstr AuWpr Pfrm mflkF aqy Pfrm TykydfrF dIaF sMsQFvF, bI sI dI aYgrIklcrl kfAuNsl aqy minstr afP aYgrIklcr, PUz aqy iPsLrIjL ny kfPI dbfa pfieaf.
irport ivwc ies gwl nUM svIkfr kIqf igaf hY ik Kyq mjLdUrF dI ishq aqy surwiKaf nfl sMbMDq kfnUMnF ivwc suDfr hoieaf hY. pr iehnF kfnUMnF nUM lfgU krvfAux leI loVINdIaF ienspYksLnF ivwc ktOqI afeI hY. ies df kfrn ieh hY ik sMn 2002 ivwc sUbfeI srkfr ny vrkrjL kMpnsysLn borz dy bwjt ivwc 12 PIsdI dI ktOqI kIqI sI. ijs dy nqIjy vjoN kMm vflIaF QFvF dI ienspYksLn krn vfly ienspYktrF dI igxqI 30 PIsdI Gwt geI. ies qwQ dI rOsLnI ivwc ieh kihxf glq nhIN hovygf ik bysLwk ishq aqy surwiKaf dy sMbMD ivwc kfnUMnF ivwc suDfr hoieaf hY pr iehnF kfnUMnF dI qfmIl krvfAux leI loVINdy vsIilaF dI Gft kfrn iehnF suDry kfnUMnF qoN Pfiedf hox dI bhuqI sMBfvnf nhIN hY.
kYnyzf dI PYzrl srkfr dIaF nIqIaF vI bhuqIaF Kyq mjLdUrF, Kfs krky mYksIko qoN “mihmfn kfimaF” dy qOr AuWqy afey Kyq mjLdUrF, dy hwk ivwc nhIN jFdIaF. afpxy iekrfrnfmy anusfr ieh kfmy isrP iek mflk nfl bwJy huMdy hn. mflkF nUM ieh hwk hY ik Auh iksy vI kfmy nUM kMm qoN htf skx bysLwk iekrfrnfmy dy ihsfb nfl Aus df smF ajy rihMdf hovy. pr iek kfmy nUM hwk nhIN ik Auh afpxy mflk nUM Cwz ky iksy hor mflk kol kMm kr sky. jy Auh afpxf kMm Cwzdf hY qF Aus nUM vfps mYksIko nUM jfxf pYNdf hY. dUsrI gwl, jy iksy kfmy ny iek sIjLn qoN bfad agly sIjLn ivwc vI vfps kYnyzf kMm krn leI afAuxf hY qF Aus nUM afpxy pihly mflk qoN hvfly dI icwTI lYxI pYNdI hY. iehnF kfrnF krky Auh pUrf ajLfd nhIN huMdf aqy mflkF dIaF vDIkIaF nUM sihx leI mjLbUr huMdf hY.
ies dy nfl hI iehnF “mihmfn kfimaF” dI qnKfh ivwcoN ieMplOeymYNt ieMsLorYNs aqy kYnyzf pYnsLn plYn (sI pI pI) vrgIaF ktOqIaF kwtIaF jFdIaF hn, pr afpxy kwcy drjy dy hox krky Auh ieh Bwqy nhIN lY skdy.

isPfrsLF
irport dy aMq ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF dIaF hflqF dy suDfr leI kuJ isPfrsLF kIqIaF geIaF hn. iehnF isPfrsLF ivwcoN kuJ ies pRkfr hn:
• Kyq mjLdUrF leI Evrtfiem, srkfrI CuwtIaF aqy sflfnf CuwtIaF df hwk dubfrf lfgU kIqf jfvy.
• pIs ryt dI dr eynI sQfpq kIqI jfvy ik Auh sUby dI Gwto Gwt qnKfh dy brfbr hovy.
• sUby ivclI Gwto Gwt qnKfh nUM 10 zflr pRqI GMtf kIqf jfvy aqy ies nUM mihMgfeI dI sUcI (ienPlysLn ieMzYks) nfl joiVaf jfvy qF ik mihMgfeI vDx dy nfl nfl ieh qnKfh vI vDdI rhy.
• KyqF aqy KyqF nfl sMbMDq QFvF AuWqy kIqIaF jFdIaF ienspYksLnF nUM mjLbUq kIqf jfvy aqy ingrfnI leI aYgrIklcrl kMplfieMs tIm vrgf pRbMD kIqf jfvy ijs aDIn Kud pihl krky ienspYksLn kIqIaF jfx nf ik isLkfieq imlx dI AuzIk kIqI jfvy.
• PfrmF ivcly TykydfrI pRbMD AuWpr gOr kIqf jfvy aqy ies pRbMD nUM Kqm krky sfry Kyq-mjLdUrF leI kMm dyx vflf gYr-munfPydfr pRbMD (nfn-prfiPt hfieirMg hfl mfzl) sQfpq kIqf jfvy.
• Kyq mjLdUrF nUM afpxy hwkF bfry jfxkfrI dyx leI aqy AuhnF dy hwkF dI vkflq krn leI kimAUintI dIaF sMsQFvF nUM afriQk shfieqf idwqI jfvy.
• sIjLnl kfimaF dy pRogrfm ivwc qbdIlIaF kIqIaF jfx ijs aDIn kfimaF nUM iek mflk dI QF vwK vwK mflkF kol kMm krn dI KulH hovy.
• sIjLnl kfimaF dy pRogrfm aDIn mflkF koloN kfimaF nUM afpxy dysL vfps Byjx df aiDkfr vfps ilaf jfvy.
• ijhVyy sIjLnl kfmy iqMn sflF leI kMm kr lYNdy hn, AuhnF nUM kYnyzf dy pwky vsnIk bxn leI arjLI krn df hwk idwqf jfvy.
• kYnyzf “mihmfn vrkrF” aqy AuhnF dy pirvfrF dy hwkF dI rfKI krn vflI aMqrrfsLtrI sMDI AuWpr dsKq kry.
• imAuNspl pwDr dIaF srkfrF “mihmfn vrkrF” dy qOr AuWqy afAux vfly kfimaF dI irhfiesL ivwc suDfr krn leI kfnUMn bxfAux.

aMiqm itwpxIaF:
ieh irport pVH ky bhuq lok sLfied ieh socx ik ies ivwc koeI vI nvIN gwl nhIN. sfnUM sfiraF nUM pqf hY ik Kyq mjLdUr aijhIaF hflqF ivwc kMm krdy hn aqy ipCly 30-35 sflF qoN iehnF hflqF ivwc kMm kr rhy hn. iPr ies bfry bhuqf ‘rOlf pfAux’ dI kI loV hY. sfzy iKafl ivwc ies bfry ‘rOlf pfAux’ dI loV hI ies leI hY ik sfzI kimAuintI dy iek ihwsy nUM ipCly 30-35 sflF qoN iehnF luwt-Ksuwt vflIaF hflqF ivwc kMm krnf pY irhf hY. ‘rOlf pfAux’ dI loV ies leI vI hY ik sMn 1990ivaF dy sLurU qwk kimAUintI ivwc Kyq mjLdUrF dy soLsLx bfry QoVHI bhuqI gwl cldI rihMdI sI pr hux asIN ies bfry bhuqI gwl nhIN krdy. asl ivwc asIN iekwly Kyq mjLdUrF dIaF hflqF bfry hI gwl krnI nhIN CwzI sgoN asIN smuwcy mjLdUrF dI gwl krnoN hwt gey hF. ieh gwl iPkr vflI hY.
asIN afm hI ieh gwl kihMdy hF ik sfzI kimAUintI ny kYnyzf ivwc bhuq qrwkI kIqI hY. sfzy afpxy lok aYm aYl ey, aYm pI, minstr, pRImIar bx gey hn. sfzy afm smfgmF ivwc vwK vwK pwDr dIaF srkfrF dy numfieMdy, myar, aYm aYl ey, aYm pI, minstr, pRImIar, pRfeIm minstr afAuNdy rihMdy hn. kYnyzf dy swqf dy gilafiraF qwk sfzI phuMc hY. pr ies irport dy mwdynjLr ieh suafl AuWTdf hY ik sfzI ies “swqf dy gilafiraF qwk phuMc” df Kyq mjLdUrF nUM kI Pfiedf hY jy AuhnF nUM 1930 dy smyN dIaF hflqF ivwc kMm krnf pY irhf hY.
ieh irport pVHky ieh vI ikhf jf skdf hY ik kYnyzf dy “swqf dy gilafiraF” qwk phuMc rwKx vfly sfzy lokF aqy KyqF ivwc kMm krn vfly sfzy lokF dy ihq vwKry vwKry hn. “swqf dy gilafiraF” qwk phuMc rwKx vfly sfzy lok qF ieh gwl smJdy hn aqy ies leI hI Auh Kyq mjLdUrF aqy dUsry mjLdUrF dy sLosLx ivruwD avfjL nhIN AuTfAuNdy. loV hY ik pMjfbI kimAUintI dy Kyq mjLdUr aqy dUsry mjLdUr vI ieh gwl smJ lYx ik AuhnF dy ihq “swqf dy gilafiraF” qwk phuMc rwKx vfly lokF qoN vwKry hn. jy AuhnF ny afpxy ihqF dI rfKI krnI hY qF jLrUrI hY ik Auh qfkq vfly lokF AuWpr tyk rwKx dI QF afp jQybMd ho ky afpxI qfkq AuWqy tyk rwKx.
ijvyN AuWpr ikhf igaf hY ik 1990ivaF dy sLurU qwk kimAUintI ivwc keI aijhIaF jQybMdIaF huMdIaF sn jo ikrq krn vfly lokF dy msilaF dI gwl krdIaF sn. pr ies smyN kimAUintI ivwc aijhI koeI jQybMdI nhIN. aijhf ikAuN hY, ies bfry gMBIrqf nfl socx dI loV hY. ies smyN kimAUintI ivwc vwK vwK ihqF dI numfieMdgI krn vflIaF keI qrHF dIaF jQybMdIaF kMm kr rhIaF hn. Audfhrn leI ies smyN kimAUintI ivwc Dfrimk, vpfrk, siBafcfrk, pROPYsLnl lokF aqy KyzF nfl sMbMDq lokF dIaF jQybMdIaF bhuq hI srgrmI nfl kMm kr rhIaF hn. pr mjLdUrF dy ihqF dI gwl krn vflI koeI jQybMdI nhIN. sfzI kimAUintI dy ikrq krn vfly lokF aqy AuhnF dy hmfieqIaF nUM aijhI jQybMdI jF jQybMdIaF sQfpq krn dI loV vl iDafn dyx dI loV hY. ijMnf icr Auh aijhf nhIN krngy AunI dyr qwk AuhnF dy ihqF aqy qklIPF dI gwl hfsLIey AuWqy hI DwkI jFdI rhygI.
sfzI kimAUintI ivwc ieh gwl vI afm khI jFdI hY ik asIN eyQoN dI isafsq ivwc bhuq srgrmI nfl ihwsf lYNdy hF. ies Dfrnf dy sbUq ivwc asIN ieh kihMdy hF ik vwK vwK pfrtIaF leI asMblI aqy pfrlImYNt dy mYNbrF dIaF nfmjLdgIaF dOrfn sfzy lok hjLfrF dI igxqI ivwc ihwsf lYNdy hn. ieh swc hY pr ieQy sfnUM nfmjLdgIaF dI isafsq aqy afpxy hwk lYx leI kIqI jFdI isafsq ivwc Prk smJx dI loV hY. nfmjLdgIaF dI isafsq bysLwk kimAUintI dy kuJ lokF nUM kYnyzf dy “swqf dy gilafiraF” dI dihlIj qwk qF jLrUr phuMcf idMdI hY pr afm lokF aqy mjLdUrF nUM kuJ nhIN idMdI. “swqf dy gilafiraF” qwk phuMcy lok jdoN afm lokF aqy mjLdUrF dy hwkF dI gwl krn bfry Buwl jFdy hn qF sfnUM vrqy jfx df aihsfs huMdf hY aqy isafsq qoN inrfsLf huMdI hY. sfzy ivwcoN kuJ lok mfXUs ho ky hr qrHF dI isafsq nUM nPrq krn lgdy hn. loV isafsq qoN inrfsL hox dI nhIN sgoN shI isafsq dI pCfx krn dI hY. Aus isafsq ivwc srgrm hox dI ijhVI isafsq sfzy ihqF aqy hwkF dI gwl kry. ijs isafsq df kMtrol sfzy afpxy hwQF ivwc hovy. isrP AudoN aqy isrP AudoN hI asIN Kyq mjLdUrF aqy dUsry mjLdUrF dy sLosLx nUM Kqm kr skFgy aqy ies irport ivwc idwqIaF isPfirsLF dy nfl nfl afpxIaF dUsrIaF mMgF vI mMnvf skFgy.

* ies irport dy lyKk hn: zyivz PyarI, tryz XUnIan irsrc ibAuro dy zfierYktr; ikRstInf hYnsn, sfeImn PryjLr XUnIvirstI dy lYitn amrIkn stwzIjL pRogrfm qoN aYm[ ey; glYWn mYiknws, kYnyzIan afiPs aYNz pRoPYsLnl ieMplOeIjL XUnIan dy numfieMdy; arlIn tfeIgr mklYrn, sfeImn PryjLr XUnIvirstI dy soisLaflOjI ivBfg qoN irtfier ho cuwky pRoPYsr; jIrfrz EtYro, seImn PryjLr XUnIvirstI dy sLoisLaflOjI aqy lYitn amrIkn stwzIjL ivBfg ivwc pRoPYsr; kYrI pRIibsL, rUrl soisLaflOijst; aqy mfrk QFpsn, XU bI sI dy sfzr skUl afP ibjLins qoN irtfier ho cuwky pRoPYsr. ies irport dI pRkfsLnf ivwc kYnyzIan sYNtr Pfr pflsI altrnyitv dy nfl nfl jstIsIaf Pfr mfeIgrFt vrkrjL dy bI sI dy dPqr, pRogrYisv ieMtr klcrl kimAUintI srivs aqy bI sI PYzrysLn afP lybr ny sihXog pfieaf hY.

ieh pUrI irport aMgryjLI ivwc kYnyzIan sYNtr Pfr pflsI altrnyitv dy vYWbsfeIt http://www.policyalternatives.ca/index.cfm AuWqy pVHI jf skdI hY.